10.+Action+Planning


 * 1. Research Idea & Rationale **

Research Question

What is the effect of project choice on students' performance and motivation.

Rationale

We are a group of teachers from grade one to grade ten who have been at this school for five years or more. We have noticed in our classes that some of our students have a low level of engagement in the classroom situation. This then leads to poor performance and we feel that their interest needs to be sparked. We wonder if the level of engagement and motivation of our students could be improved were they to be given more individual choice when presenting their projects. We hope that by fostering an environment that supports independent student project choice our students will demonstrate heightened motivation that will in turn enhance performance.

= WELL THOUGHT OUT PROPOSAL. I LOOK FORWARD TO LEARNING THE RESULTS OF YOUR STUDY. =

= 50 POINTS = **2. Research Questions & Variables ( [|Research Planning Sheet Number 1.docx]) ** for independentproject choices aligned to their multiple intelligence preferences, will lead to improved performance and increased motivation. || What is the effect of project choice on students' performance and motivation? || **Feasible 4 **: Can be observed at all of our grade levels at the beginning and at the end of the study. **Clear 3 :** This is a subjective study and as such some terms may need further clarification. **Significant 4 :** This is significant because this approach is in line with <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">21st century learning skills and fosters <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">student motivation and hopefully <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">enhances performance. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Ethical 4 :** It is transparent and fair to <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">all participants. ||
 * <range type="comment" id="873966">‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ ‍**Research Idea** || **Research .. Question .......................... ** || **Rate the research question** ‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ ||
 * We wonder if given more opportunities

__ Definitions of terms :__

Project Choice: The means through which a student chooses to express their knowledge and understanding. (Eg: of project choices include Paper based, Digital Multimedia, Performance, Oral, Creative Art)

Performance: Performance of the student throughout the project cycle

Motivation: This encompasses elements such as engagement, enthusiasm, independence, perseverance.

Specific type of Research: Action Research

General Type of Research: Intervention

Our Hypothesis is: We predict student motivation and performance will increase when given project choices.

This //hypothesis// suggests a relationship between these two //variables//:

Performance and Motivation (Dependent) Project Choices //(independent)//

//Categorical (//Motivation) //Categorical// (Project Choices) //Quantitative (//Performance) //Quantitative//

Possible //Extraneous variables// that might affect my results include: Placebo – Knowing they receive treatment Other extrinsic motivators Introduction of differentiation Change in learning environment

EXCELLENT DESCRIPTION OF QUESTIONS AND VARIABLES. BRAVO!!!

**<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 21px;">3. Detailed Description of Intervention ** <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 14px;">//(This is a work in progress and we would appreciate feedback)// <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">6 - 12 weeks || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">PYP Units of Inquiry last about 6 weeks. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">PYP Units of Inquiry last about 6 weeks. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">MYP project is 12 weeks. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(Each grade has two hours 20 minutes per week) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Investigation - 3 weeks <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Design - 3 weeks <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Plan - 1 week <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Create - 3 weeks <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Evaluation - 1 week || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">available to the students and how they will be introduced to the students. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Identify and endeavour to limit extraneous variables. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Identify additional forms of presentation that will be available to the students and how they will be introduced to the students. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Identify and endeavour to limit extraneous variables. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Evaluate curriculum content, significant concepts, unit questions for each grade project in order to:- <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Select candidate classes for treatment <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Identify potential control groups. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Select elements of project where project choices will be most effective <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Identify and endeavour to limit extraneous variables. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Reflect on personal experiences and performance. Introduce intent <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gather baseline data on motivation and understanding of this project and possible impact || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Have the children identify the ways that they already know how to share their <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">knowledge. Explore and examine these ways, discussing the requirements of <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">each. (Anticipated response from students is that they know about writing ‘stories’ / can ‘tell about’ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">information in a show-and-tell format.) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Prior to intervention, have the children present their knowledge about a topic in a way chosen by <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">the teacher (tell about? Write a recount about?) Monitor student motivation through <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">questioning / observation / student reflection. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Students to review prior projects they have completed. Reflect on them and decide if they might have been more successful if they could have done it another way. Teacher to take qualitative assessment to find level of student motivation. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Notify students about the research that will be done and that they are part of it. Explain the scope of the research taking place. Share the research and variables – eg they will get project choices and we will be looking to see what impact this has. Students to review prior projects they have completed. Reflect on them and decide if they might have been more successful if they could have done it another way. Surveys will be taken on present level of motivation towards both prior and this project and a reflection on their own expected outcomes of this project. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Limited guidance. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Encourage the children to identify strengths and skills that would be helpful to have if choosing <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">each option. Invite the children to identify which of all the options, they would like to try <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">presenting with. · Discuss the reasoning behind offering the students choice of presentations <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">and let the students know they will have a choice when presenting the information gathered throughout a following activity. Remind them that the presentation choice they make will also impact on the kind of information they gather eg, what resources will they need to gather? || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">One-on-one interviews/ discussions with individual students about their project choices. The students will be made aware of the independent choice that they now have available. They need to be made aware that their choice impacts on their end-product and should be a suitable means to display their content knowledge. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Negotiate and evaluate chosen alternative means of presenting project in line with academic requirements and project guidelines. Example “Design Cycle”, “Significant Concept”, “Unit Question” and feasibility. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gather data through close observation of the students as they are involved in the process of this task. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Qualitative data collection through close observations and discussions with students. The angle of engagement would also be noted in ongoing anecdotal journal entries. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Qualitative data collection through close observations and discussions with students. The angle of engagement would also be noted in ongoing anecdotal journal entries. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Qualitative: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Journal observations: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Angle of <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">engagement <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, Hard Fun, student feedback and forum reflections || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gather quantitative data from existing rubrics <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gather additional data across early-primary-middle years range on a common rubric || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Quantitative data recorded from the students projects. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Quantitative data recorded from the students projects. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Quantitative: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Unit scores for Investigation, Design, Planning, Create, Evaluation. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Qualitative: Quality of products and artifacts produced in project. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The quality of their products. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Their performance at each stage of the project. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The impact that having and exercising their choices has had on their motivation and performance. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In what ways the research has enhanced their motivation and performance. (Citing comparisons with previous projects with limited choice) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What were the limitations of this exercise. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Implement Best Practice. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Set date for review and next action research. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Identify and <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Implement Best Practice. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Set date for review and next action research. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Identify and <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Implement Best Practice. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Set date for review and next action research. ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Common Steps || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Grade 1 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Grade 5 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Grade 6-9 (Possibly 10) ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Timescales
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pre student involvement || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Identify the specific forms of presentation that will be
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Review prior performance.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Students to fill out multiple intelligence / expression style preference inventory || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Encourage the children to start identifying which ways of presenting appeal to them and why. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Encourage the children to start identifying which ways of presenting appeal to them and why. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Encourage the children to start identifying which ways of presenting appeal to them and why. ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Model a variety of age appropriate ways to share student knowledge || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Teach the students a variety of new ways to present their information. With <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">much guidance. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Expand the choices of presentation options, building on prior experiences. With <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">moderate guidance <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> from Music, Art and IT. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Model and demonstrate SOME alternative methods for presenting their project work (Ex: design concepts in grade 7).
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Discuss with students about their project choice and the possible ramifications of that project choice. Students to make final project choice. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">As a class, review what all of the presentation options look like and what is involved in them.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Provide the students with a clear rubric, the essence of which spans early - primary and middle years participants. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Provide the students with a rubric in order to give them clear guidelines as to what is expected of their final product. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Provide the students with a rubric in order to give them clear guidelines as to what is expected of their final product. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Develop a workable rubric with the student that is tightly aligned to existing MYP Design Cycle rubric if needed. ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Motivation
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Performance
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Student Reflection || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ask which of the options the students would like to have an opportunity to use in the future and why. Get them to rate their own level of engagement / motivation / performance / success through discussion and the use of a ‘faces’ feedback sheet.. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The students will reflect on the success of their presentations and if they were able to adequately show their understanding. They will also rate their own level of engagement / motivation. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The students reflect on:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Parent Questionnaire || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Invite the parents to fill out a questionnaire where they can share their observations of student motivation. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Invite the parents to fill out a questionnaire where they can share their observations of student motivation. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Invite the parents to fill out a questionnaire where they can share their observations of student motivation. ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Data Analysis || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Individual researchers will independently analyse data and then correlate findings across the grades. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Individual researchers will independently analyse data and then correlate findings across the grades. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Individual researchers will independently analyse data and then correlate findings across the grades. ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Action || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Identify and

YOUR INTERVENTION IS WELL THOUGHT OUT. I ESPECIALLY LIKE THE ACTIVITIES WHERE YOU HAVE STUDENTS REFLECT ON THE PROJECTS THEY HAVE ALREADY DONE AND TALK ABOUT OTHER FORMS OF PRESENTATIONS AND HOW ONE CHOOSES THE PROJECT THAT IS BEST FOR HIM OR HER. NEXT WEEK WE WILL TALK MORE ABOUT THE KINDS OF DATA YOU WILL COLLECT. YOU MAY BE A BIT OVER ZEALOUS IN YOUR DATA COLLECTION AND WILL BE OVERWHELMED WHEN TRYING TO MAKE SENSE OF IT. FOR ENGAGEMENT, CONSIDER ANECDOTAL NOTES BUT THE MAIN TOOL WILL BE A SCALE FOR STUDENTS THAT YOU WILL DESIGN IS SESSION 6. MORE ON THIS NEXT SESSION.

SUSAN 10/26/11

**<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 21px;">4. Description of Sample (Research sheet #2) ** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1. Our intended sample consists of:

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">E: The elementary school sample will be a class of 22 6-8 year old students. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">P: In the Primary school the sample will be a Grade 5 class, consisting of 22 students. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">M: The sample from middle school will be taken from a selection of technology classes following the MYP design cycle from grade 6 through to grade 9. (Class sizes average 21)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2. Demographics are as follows:

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">a. Age range - E: 6 - 8 years, P: 10-11 years, M: 12-15 years

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">b. Sex Distribution - E: 10 boys and 12 girls, P: 10 girls, and 12 boys. M: Boys:Girls approx 50:50

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">c. Ethnic Breakdown - <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">E: Majority of Qatari students with a variety of other nationalities from around the world. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">P: Qatari and Middle Eastern students <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">M: Majority of Qatari students with a variety of other nationalities from around the world.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">d. Location - Qatar Academy Elementary, Primary and Middle schools, Doha, Qatar.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">e. Other important characteristics - <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The majority of our students are ESL <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The primary and middle school students have a 1:1 laptop programme <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The school is very well resourced and has support staff available <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">This is a PYP/ MYP / IB school <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The teachers of the students in this sample are international teachers from 3 different countries

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3. The type of sample is Convenience because these students are easily available to us and are a representation of students across the Elementary. Primary and Middle years schools.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4. Sample Selection

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">All teachers will use all members of their classes. For the Middle years, this means 1 class from each of grades 6,7,8 and 9.

**<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 21px;">5. Data Collection Matrix ** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">SAMPLE OF WHAT WILL GO IN ACTION RESEARCH PROPOSAL

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What is my research question? <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #3d68fa; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What is the effect of project choice on student performance and motivation? <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What are my dependent or outcome variables: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1. Performance <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2. Motivation <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(Qualitative) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pre / post reflection <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(Quantitative for triangulation against the quantitative teacher assessment) <span style="background-color: #00ffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">GREAT IDEA || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">N/A || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Teacher Observations <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rubric <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Grades || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post: Critical peer analysis and feedback. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pre / post reflection || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Questionnaire || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Teacher Observation ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dependent variable measures || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sources of Data ||  ||   ||   ||
 * || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Students || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Parents || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Teacher || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Peer Assessment ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1. Performance || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pre/post guided self assessment - self check list
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2. Motivation || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pre/post Likert Scale

**<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 21px;">6. Likert Scale **


 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 21px;">[[image:edf689/likert_correct_1.jpg width="900" height="530" caption="likert_correct_1.jpg"]] ||

= EACH COLUMN IS WEIGHTED SO IF THERE ARE 6 HAPPY FACES WE WOULD MULTIPLY 6 TIMES 3. THE MIDDLE ONE TIMES 2 AND THE SAD TIMES 1. THEN YOU ADD THE TOTAL WEIGHTED SCORES TO GET YOUR TOTAL SCORE. YOU NEED A BOX FOR THIS TOTAL WHICH IS THE SCORE YOU WILL USE FOR ANALYSES. = == = =
 * [[image:edf689/likert_correct_2.jpg width="883" height="461" caption="likert_correct_2.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:edf689/likert_correct_4.jpg width="859" height="455" caption="likert_correct_4.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:edf689/likert_correct_6.jpg width="881" height="621" caption="likert_correct_6.jpg"]] ||

== ALSO THERE MAY BE TOO MANY ITEMS FOR THE 6-8 YEAR OLDS. CONSIDERING SHORTENING IT TO THOSE ITEMS THEY CAN REALLY UNDERSTAND. THE TWO VERSIONS WITH THE BOX FOR THE TOTAL SCORE. ==

TELL ME WHAT YOU THINK. AFTER MAKING THE CORRECTIONS ON THE SCALE CONTINUE TO SESSION 7 WHICH SHOULD BE POSTED ON NOVEMBER 9. SMILES, SB NOV 8


 * Performance [[file:common performance elements assessment.pdf]] ||

||
 * == [[image:Screen_shot_2012-03-01_at_7.44.22_PM.png]] == ||

**<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 21px;">7. Research Design **

QUALITATIVE CLOSE OBSERVATIONS ( Anecdotal Journa l to identify patterns between observations across early, primary and middle school, Student reflection ) || No Treatment || MOTIVATION SCALE ABOUT PROJECT CHOICES QUALITATIVE CLOSE OBSERVATIONS ||
 * RESEARCH QUESTION: **
 * What is the effect of project choice on the student’s performance and motivation? **
 * ** STATIC TWO GROUP PRE /POST TEST DESIGN **
 * No treatment Section: in first project student will be entirely teacher led **
 * Treatment Section: in second project student will have project choices ** ||
 * ** MEASURING ** || ** PRE TEST ** || ** NO INTERVENTION ** || ** POSTTEST ** ||
 * MOTIVATION || MOTIVATION SCALE ABOUT PROJECT CHOICES
 * PERFROMANCE || QUANTITATIVE DATA FROM PREVIOUS PROJECT WORK. || No Treatment || QUANTITATIVE DATA FROM PREVIOUS PROJECT WORK. ||
 * ** MEASURING ** || ** PRE TEST ** || ** INTERVENTION ** || ** POSTTEST ** ||
 * ** MOTIVATION ** || ** MOTIVATION SCALE ABOUT PROJECT CHOICE **
 * QUALITATIVE CLOSE OBSERVATIONS **
 * (Anecdotal Journal to identify patterns between observations across early, primary and middle school, Student reflection) ** || ** GIVE PROJECT CHOICES FOR ONE PROJECT ** || ** MOTIVATION SCALE ABOUT PROJECT CHOICES **
 * QUALITATIVE CLOSE OBSERVATIONS ** ||
 * ** PERFROMANCE ** || ** QUANTITATIVE DATA FROM PREVIOUS PROJECT WORK. ** || ** GIVE PROJECT CHOICES FOR ONE PROJECT ** || ** QUANTITATIVE DATA FROM PREVIOUS PROJECT WORK. ** ||

**<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 21px;">8. Threats to Validity **


 * WE ANTICIPATE THE FOLLOWING THREATS TO VALIDITY: **

Resolution: By exploring resolutions for threats to validity we in turn hope to minimize experimenter bias. Resolution: Run some “dummy” fun Likert scales to expose the students to this style of reflection. This may also reduce the Hawthorn effect. OUTSTANDING WORK. KEEP MOVING ON TO FINAL SESSIONS. I WILL GET BACK TO YOU DURING THE FIRST 2 WEEKS OF DECEMBER WITH FINAL COMMENTS AND GRADE. HAVE FUN WITH STATISTICS!!!
 * Preference of content between the two different projects
 * Experimenter bias: Level of teacher engagement and enthusiasm
 * Student awareness of their involvement of this research (Hawthorn effect)
 * Repeated Testing: Misinterpretation of questions on the Likert scale / lack of understanding of how to answer the Likert scale
 * History: parent interviews may happen during the treatment cycle / parents to fill out a questionnaire relating to student motivation / parents may instigate extra tutoring.

**<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 21px;">9. Data Analysis Plan (research sheet #3) ** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Research Planning Sheet Number 3 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Data Analysis:

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1. What descriptive information will I use? (bar graphs, scatter plots, percent <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">table, other) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Performance: We will be using Bar Graphs because we will be using discrete values ranging from 0-7. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Motivation: Pre and Post - We will be using a bar graph because we will be using discrete values. The bell curve in the post assessment could skew to the right if motivation increases or to the left if motivation decreases.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2. Cut and paste your research design box from Session 7 here. It will have your <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">research question and design. Then decide which technique from item 3 below <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">is appropriate for your research design. QUALITATIVE CLOSE OBSERVATIONS ( Anecdotal Journa l to identify patterns between observations across early, primary and middle school, Student reflection ) || No Treatment || MOTIVATION SCALE ABOUT PROJECT CHOICES QUALITATIVE CLOSE OBSERVATIONS ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">t-test for paired or dependent samples (pre/post) as we only have one group.
 * RESEARCH QUESTION: **
 * What is the effect of project choice on the student’s performance and motivation? **
 * ** STATIC TWO GROUP PRE /POST TEST DESIGN **
 * No treatment Section: in first project student will be entirely teacher led **
 * Treatment Section: in second project student will have project choices ** ||
 * ** MEASURING ** || ** PRE TEST ** || ** NO INTERVENTION ** || ** POSTTEST ** ||
 * MOTIVATION || MOTIVATION SCALE ABOUT PROJECT CHOICES
 * PERFROMANCE || QUANTITATIVE DATA FROM PREVIOUS PROJECT WORK. || No Treatment || QUANTITATIVE DATA FROM PREVIOUS PROJECT WORK. ||
 * ** MEASURING ** || ** PRE TEST ** || ** INTERVENTION ** || ** POSTTEST ** ||
 * ** MOTIVATION ** || ** MOTIVATION SCALE ABOUT PROJECT CHOICE **
 * QUALITATIVE CLOSE OBSERVATIONS **
 * (Anecdotal Journal to identify patterns between observations across early, primary and middle school, Student reflection) ** || ** GIVE PROJECT CHOICES FOR ONE PROJECT ** || ** MOTIVATION SCALE ABOUT PROJECT CHOICES **
 * QUALITATIVE CLOSE OBSERVATIONS ** ||
 * ** PERFROMANCE ** || ** QUANTITATIVE DATA FROM PREVIOUS PROJECT WORK. ** || ** GIVE PROJECT CHOICES FOR ONE PROJECT ** || ** QUANTITATIVE DATA FROM PREVIOUS PROJECT WORK. ** ||

WHERE IS YOUR QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES?
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3. How will I use qualitative techniques to enhance understanding? <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">correlation (Is achievement related to attitude would be a question that <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">requires a correlation) <span style="background-color: #00ffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">TOO COMPLICATED. JUST MAKE INFORMAL OBSERVATIONS ABOUT THE STUDENTS ENGAGEMENT IN THE TREATMENT. THESE OBSERVATIONS CAN FLUSH OUT THE NUMBERS.


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">to triangulate our results against our numerical results
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">to compare and reinforce our quantitative data
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">to tabulate our observations and surveys by assigning quantities to our key observations such that we can correlate our qualitative data to quantitative data

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">__[]__

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The conversion or transformation from qualitative data into quantitative data is called “quantizing” <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">__[]__

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">5. How can I share my results? With whom?
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">make our results available to our colleagues through in-house Professional Development
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">make available to our personal learning networks by publishing on our social networks (e.g. blogs / wikis / podcasts)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">have our research published in an educational publication
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">hold informal discussions with close colleagues as seems appropriate

GREAT

**<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 21px;">10. Summary of one article (Summary sheet will be provided) **

[|Article Summary Sheet - suny.docx] Researchers used action research to examine the role of assessment on student’s motivation. In addition to determine whether, choice of assessment affects student’s motivation to complete the assessment task. The action research project was conducted at two locations during the 2009‐2010 school year - in the Introduction to Marketing class at Chantilly High School (GROUP-1) and in Horticulture/Greenhouse Plant Production and Management at Pulaski High School (GROUP-2). Class size was 30 and 20 students respectively. After teaching the first study unit, both groups initially took a traditional paper and pencil assessment. This examination included multiple choices, true and false, and short answer questions. Students were allowed to submit two questions for possible use in the exam. Following the second study unit, students chose from three assessment options. These options included Power-Point with a presentation, a video demonstrating the topics covered and Electronic scrapbook with a presentation. Students assisted in the design of the rubrics for each assessment, including some input on topics covered and the weight of each task that needed to be completed. Students completed a questionnaire after the first and second assessment. The questionnaires were submitted anonymously. This prevented students from feeling that they were being judged or assessed by the instructor. Data analysis for the second assessment included frequency of assessment choices as well as mean, standard deviation, and range of scores for Likert‐type questions. In addition, theme analysis of open‐ended questions was implemented. Quantitative statistics were used to determine which assessment the students chose more frequently. In addition, general statistics were used to determine the level of motivation, as indicated by the Likert scale. An analysis of the data showed that there was a clear distinction between the first assessment and the second assessment. The results on a scale of 1‐5 (1=lowest and 5=highest), the mean of the first questionnaire was 2.255 out of 5. The mode was determined to be 2 out of 5. Students showed very little motivation to complete the assessment. However, on the second assessment, where students were given a choice, the mean was 4.346 out of 5. The mode of this assessment was determined to be 4. After coding the initial questionnaires, researchers found that student responses centered on dissatisfaction with the test, grades, and lack of motivation and enjoyment for taking the test. Students often cited that they did not like taking the test, which provided them with little motivation to study and prepare for the assessment.
 * __ Article Summary Sheet __**** : **
 * ** Name of Article: ** Motivation and Assessment: The Impact of Choice on Motivation in Classroom Assessments
 * ** Author: ** Dale Cruzan & Chanda Kaluszka
 * ** Date: ** 2010
 * ** Source: ** Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University USA, posted on i-net: []
 * ** Research Question: ** Does choice of assessment affect student’s motivation to complete the assessment task?
 * ** Sample: ** 50 students chosen, across two separate classes
 * ** What Did The Researcher Do: **
 * ** Results: **

The coding for the second assessment showed much more motivation from students, more excitement and enjoyment, and their dissatisfaction with presentations. Students enjoyed being able to choose their form of assessment format, which enhanced overall motivation and enjoyment for the activity. Students reacted positively to choice on assessment. The increase in the mean and mode on the second questionnaire indicated a positive impact on student motivation. Furthermore, student’s felt that they were better able to predict their performance on the assessment when they were allowed to choose compared to the traditional pencil and paper based assessment.
 * ** Implications According To Author: **

**<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 21px;">11. Final Action Plan **
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 21px;">[[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/i/mime/32/application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document.png width="32" height="32" link="http://edf689.wikispaces.com/file/view/Action+Research+Gant.docx"]] [|Action Research Gant.docx] || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[[image:edf689/Screen_shot_2011-11-30_at_11.08.53_PM.png caption="Screen_shot_2011-11-30_at_11.08.53_PM.png"]] ||

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 15px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Item 10: Action Plan for Masters Project <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1. Research Question: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2. When do you plan to start your action research 01/04/2012 3. When do you plan to end your action research 03/05/2012 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4. Please fill in the attached table. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">List a timeline for the implementation of your project. Include the development of your scales, fine tuning the intervention, dates when you will administer pre tests, implement intervention, administer posttests, write paper up to results section. Leave final column blank. Use it to check off task completion. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Week starting || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Completion Date || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Jill, Gail, Andreas <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dot i’s cross t’s and synchronise pre-research || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Action Research Plan + Likert Scale <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Class Lists <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Template Journal <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Design common motivation rubric <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Design online self evaluation survey <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Design Common Elements checklist || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4th Jan <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gr 1/5/9 ||  || <span style="background-color: #00ffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">MAKE SURE YOU CAN IDENTIFY THE PERSON WHO COMPLETES THE SURVEY || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">12th Feb <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gr 1/5 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">8th Jan <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gr 9 ||  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Have students identify how they best like to show their learning and understanding || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Likert Scale <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">‘My Way’ learning preference survey || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">26th Feb <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gr 1/5 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">8th Jan <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gr 9 ||  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Identify strengths and skills required for different project choice <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Introduce the project || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Examples of project choices <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Checklist for introduction of common elements to be introduced across the 3 grades || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4th March <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gr 1/5 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">15th Jan <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gr 9 ||  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Share the choices that students will have to present their knowledge in this unit <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Start action research || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Common Performance Rubric || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">11th March <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gr 1/5 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">17th Jan <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gr 9 ||  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Video classes + Student interviews || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ongoing from 11th March <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gr1/5 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">17th Jan <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gr 9 ||  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post test Likert (motivation) and analyze || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">rubric <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">grades <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">teacher observations <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Likert || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1st April <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gr1/5 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">13th Mar <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gr 9 ||  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gr 1/5 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">18th Mar <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gr 9 ||  || <span style="background-color: #00ffff; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">YOU DON'T NEED THIS. YOU WILL HAVE MUCH TOO MUCH DATA TO DEAL WITH <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">J. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">survey || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1st April <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gr 1/5/9 ||  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">T-Testing <span style="background-color: #00ffff; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">CALL SUSAN TO HELP WITH DATA ANALYSIS || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Graphpad.com <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Analyzing & Interpreting data doc (Session 8+9) || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">15th April <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gr 1/5/9 ||  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gr 1/5/9 ||  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Presentation of findings. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Prepare PD <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Publish to PLN <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Blog, Wiki, Podcast ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Step || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Task || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Resources (What will you need to complete this step) || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Start date:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Group planning
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Self evaluation (Low / Mid / High): Reflect on prior experiences and project performance with justifications || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Online survey re evaluation
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Administer pre-treatment Likert and analyze
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Teach / model ways to share knowledge
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">5. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Share the rubric with the students
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">6. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gather qualitative data (concurrent throughout project) || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Journal entries
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">7. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gather quantitative data based on the results of the project (performance data)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">8. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Student reflection || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">survey || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1st April
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">9. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Parent questionnaire
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Data Analysis
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">11. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Review and reflect ||  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">15 April
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">12. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Submit action research ||  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3rd May ||   ||
 * || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Action:

= WELL THOUGHT OUT PROPOSAL. I LOOK FORWARD TO LEARNING THE RESULTS OF YOUR STUDY. = = 50 POINTS =

LIT REVIEWS - Articles

[|The Effectiveness and Relative Importance of Choice in the Classroom.pdf]

[|The Impact of Providing Project Choices in CS1.pdf]

[|Incentives, choice, education and well-being Barry Schwartz* Swarthmore College, USA.pdf] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0000ff; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://search.proquest.com__]

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">bit off the beaten track but can pull out some generic ideas about choice: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://www.ted.com/talks/barry_schwartz_on_the_paradox_of_choice.html__]

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">again... a bit off beaten track but parallels regarding having options and opportunities to make common sense choice outside of rigid teacher perscriptive: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://www.ted.com/talks/barry_schwartz_on_our_loss_of_wisdom.html__]

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://www.ed.psu.edu/englishpds/inquiry/projects/Hendershot.pdf__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(Student Choice in the Language Arts Classroom <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Effects on Learning, Interest and Motivation)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/edu/102/4/896/__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (PAID) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The effectiveness and relative importance of choice in the classroom. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Patall, Erika A.;Cooper, Harris;Wynn, Susan R. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol 102(4), Nov 2010, 896-915. doi: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__10.1037/a0019545__]

=<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1383637&dl=ACM&coll=DL&CFID=63687942&CFTOKEN=62907802__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (paid) The impact of providing project choices in CS1 =

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">__http://kidspeak.wikispaces.com/Personalised+Learning+-+Engaging+Students+by+Providing+Choice+in+the+Classroom__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">__Personalised Learning - Engaging Students by Providing Choice in the Classroom__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">__Edit__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__0__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">__0__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__1__]__…__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Personalised Learning: Engaging Students by Providing Choice in the Classroom <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Helen Moran (FREE AND SHORT!!)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://www.jce.divched.org/Journal/issues/1979/Dec/jceSubscriber/JCE1979p0827.pdf__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> ( <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Student Independent Projects and <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Experimental Choices in a Structured <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Biochemistry Laboratory Course) - looks like it is the full, short article

=__Papers by Amber M.)<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://uga.academia.edu/AmberSimmons/Papers/623158/Motivating_Students_through_Power_and_Choice__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> ( <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__Motivating Students through Power and Choice__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">by <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__Amber M. Simmons__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> | <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__Papers by Amber M.)__] =

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__https://scholar.vt.edu/access/content/user/dcruzan/PortfolioPublic/ActionReasearchProjectFinal.pdf__]

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PhDT.......254M__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> For the article below
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__Fulltext Article__]
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__Citations__]
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__Find Similar Articles__]
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__Full record info__]

=<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The effects of topic choice in project-based instruction on undergraduate physical science students' interest, ownership, and motivation = <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__Milner-Bolotin, Marina__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ProQuest Dissertations And Theses; Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Texas at Austin, 2001.; Publication Number: AAI3033585; ISBN: 9780493458069; Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 62-11, Section: A, page: 3732.; 207 p.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://www1.chapman.edu/~radenski/research/papers/freedom-iticse09.pdf__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (moodle)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Choices for Children: Why and How to Let Students Decide <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">by Alfie Kohn <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:Wc1A9-8y29IJ:scholar.google.com/+giving+elementary+students+choices&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5__]

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Your Child’s Style <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">by Susan Baum and Henry Nichols <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://www.internationalcenterfortalentdevelopment.com/uploads/9/3/2/8/9328117/prototypes_by_baum_and_nicols.pdf__]

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">How To Teach Now <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">by William Powell and Ochan Kusuma-Powell <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://www.ascd.org/publications/books/111011/chapters/Knowing-Our-Students-as-Learners.aspx__]


 * Literature review - draft **

<span style="color: #0000ff; direction: ltr; font-size: 130%; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Researcher on success, Napoleon Hill (1883), stated that “Everyone enjoys doing the kind of work for which he is best suited.” This sentiment is echoed 119 years later by Powell and Powell (2011) who suggest that allowing students choice that relates to their personal learning styles allows for products that are “rich in conceptual understanding.” They state “We know the anxiety and stress of being compelled to work in one’s least preferred production-style can actually serve as an obstacle to cognition. The medium does affect the message.” This line of thought is also explored by Baum and Nichols (2009) when they suggest that providing choice is possibly a more powerful cognitive experience when students have an understanding of their personal learning styles and are sometimes allowed the option of aligning tasks to their learning-style strengths.

<span style="color: #0000ff; direction: ltr; font-size: 130%; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Whether choice is matched to learning styles or in some other area, there is much research that suggests that providing students with choice is a key to improving not only performance but also motivation. When reviewing research in this field, Helen Moran states that the results “clearly show that more choice equates to greater enjoyment, and presumably more engagement” and that a number of previous researchers “found that student enjoyment is closely linked to engagement, which in turn is linked to levels of performance.”

<span style="color: #0000ff; direction: ltr; font-size: 130%; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Kohn (1993) also links choice and motivation when he asserts that students who are deprived of choice are also likely deprived of motivation. After citing a number of research projects which link student success and high level of motivation, he states “There is no question about it: even if our only criterion is academic performance, choice works.” (pg 7) Looking beyond academic performance and towards motivation, Stone and Madigan (2008) cite Becker who “suggested that a greater amount of choices available for the student promotes a greater sense of ownership and, consequently, higher levels of motivation and commitment.”

<span style="color: #0000ff; direction: ltr; font-size: 130%; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">However, despite the assertions above,there is also a body of research that proposes that offering choice may not always enhance performance and motivation. Patall et al. (2010) suggest that “.... choice may not always be effective or that there are more effective strategies to support motivation.” Furthermore, Kohn (1993), supported by Starnes and Paris (2000), cautions that although choice is generally a desirable option, it also needs to be guided when he states “Nearly every essay on education by John Dewey, the father of progressive schooling, stresses the importance of adult guidance and derides the idea of “leaving a child to his own unguided fancies.” In fact, Barry Schwartz (2009), referring to Iyenger and Lepper (2000) and Iyenger et al. (2004) points out that “...too many options seemed to produce paralysis rather than liberation.” He expands upon this idea by stating “If one overcomes paralysis and choose, evidence suggests that the quality of performance deteriorates with increases in the number of options” and summarises the findings “...it now seems clear that whereas choice is good, more choice is not necessarily better.”

<span style="color: #0000ff; direction: ltr; font-size: 130%; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">When Helen Moran (????) asked students to reflect on their experience of choice in the classroom, most students indicated that “...they enjoyed the opportunities, but a small group said they preferred to be told what to do and when, as they had found it hard to manage themselves.” She highlighted the fact that some students might prefer more extrinsic motivation in the form of teacher direction. In contrast, Powell and Powell (2011) state that “Whenever you can link the classroom curriculum to student interest, you tap into internalized achievement motivation - where goals are personal, motivation comes from within, and achievement is deeply meaningful.”

<span style="color: #0000ff; direction: ltr; font-size: 130%; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Our goal was to enhance student motivation and performance. While looking at personal learning styles and the consequences of choice in relation to personal learning styles, we were confronted with an array of opposing research. Bearing in mind that the “evidence on choice effects has not been ubiquitously positive” (Patall et al. 2010), we were keen to explore the effects of choice in our own classroom environments by conducting our own research by asking: “How do project choices impact student motivation and performance?”

**<span style="direction: ltr; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Bibliography: **
<span style="direction: ltr; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Baum, S., & Nicols, H. (2009). Your child's style. Retrieved from []

<span style="direction: ltr; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Kohn, A. (1993, September). Choices for children: why and how to let students decide. Kappan, Retrieved from http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:Wc1A9-8y29IJ:scholar.google.com/ giving elementary students choices&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5

<span style="direction: ltr; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Moran, H. (n.d.). Personalised learning- engaging students by providing choice in the classroom. Retrieved from http://kidspeak.wikispaces.com/Personalised Learning - Engaging Students by Providing Choice in the Classroom

<span style="direction: ltr; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Napoleon Hill. (n.d.). BrainyQuote.com. Retrieved February 19, 2012, from BrainyQuote.com Web site: []

<span style="direction: ltr; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Patall, E. A., Cooper, H., & Wynn, S. R. (2010). The effectiveness and relative importance of choice in the classroom. Journal of Educational Psychology ,102(4), 896-915. doi: 10.1037/a0019545, []

<span style="direction: ltr; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Powell, P., & Kusuma-Powell, O. (2011). How to teach now:five keys to personalized learning in the global classroom. Alexandria, VA, USA: ASCD. Retrieved from []

<span style="direction: ltr; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Schwartz, B. (2009). Incentives, choice, education and. Oxford Review of Education, 35(3), 391-403.

<span style="direction: ltr; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Starnes, B., & Paris, C. (2000). Choosing to learn. Kappan, 81(5), 392. Retrieved from []

<span style="direction: ltr; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Stone, J. A., & Madigan, E. M. (2008). The impact of providing project choices in cs1. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 40(2), 65-68, Retrieved from[|http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1383637&dl=ACM&coll=DL]